Mental Health Issues in Pakistan

 Ali Nawaz Rahimoo

Several factors contribute to the prevalence and challenges associated with mental health in Pakistan Many among us are still getting used to the new era of life at work and at home as this worldwide pandemic refuses to release us from its tedious grip. People are making changes in their lifestyles to improve their health, yet many remain affected mentally and emotionally. Unemployment has directly affected the mental health of many as they lost their jobs whilst struggling to make ends meet. In Pakistan, mental disorders account for more than 4% of the total disease burden, with the mental health burden higher among women. It is estimated that 24 million people in Pakistan are in need of psychiatric assistance. However, allocated resources for the screening and treatment of mental health disorders are not enough to meet the increasing needs. According to WHO data, Pakistan has only 0.19 psychiatrists per 100,000 inhabitants, one of the lowest numbers in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, and in the whole world. With an estimated 50 million individuals suffering from mental illnesses, the pandemic has driven up demand for mental health care. Various lockdowns, self-isolation, unemployment, and fear have further triggered or worsen mental health problems. Many people are experiencing an upsurge in alcohol and drug usage and are also suffering from the adverse effects of insomnia and anxiety. It is of paramount importance to understand and communicate mental health issues and break the stigmas related to them. The mental health crisis has become global and is projected to be a significant issue in Pakistan also. It is therefore important to adopt effective measures to address the country’s mental health issues. The government of Pakistan has published a booklet consisting providing guidelines on how to cope with the psychological effects of this global crisis. The government should spread more awareness on the matter and establish digital mental healthcare platforms and make available telehealth options for citizens to reach out for the help of professionals when needed.

Stigma: Stigma surrounding mental health issues is a pervasive problem in Pakistan. People with mental health disorders often face discrimination, isolation, and lack of support. This stigma can prevent individuals from seeking help and hinder their recovery.

Limited Access to Mental Health Services: Access to mental health services is limited, especially in rural areas. There is a shortage of mental health professionals, including psychiatrists, psychologists, and counselors, which makes it difficult for people to receive timely and appropriate care.

Socioeconomic Factors: Poverty, unemployment, and economic instability can contribute to mental health issues. High levels of stress and anxiety are often linked to financial difficulties and job insecurity.

Conflict and Terrorism: Pakistan has experienced ongoing conflicts and acts of terrorism, leading to increased levels of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the population. These events have a long-lasting impact on the mental well-being of individuals and communities.

Cultural and Religious Factors: Cultural and religious beliefs can play a role in how mental health issues are perceived and addressed. Some individuals may turn to traditional healers or religious leaders for assistance instead of seeking professional help.

Gender Disparities: Gender disparities exist in Pakistan, and women may face additional mental health challenges due to factors like gender-based violence, discrimination, and limited autonomy.

Lack of Mental Health Awareness: There is a lack of awareness about mental health issues in Pakistan, which contributes to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Education and awareness campaigns are crucial to combatting this problem.

Drug and Substance Abuse: Substance abuse, including the use of drugs and alcohol, is a significant issue that can exacerbate mental health problems. It often co-occurs with mental disorders.

Natural Disasters: Pakistan is prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods, which can lead to trauma and mental health issues among affected populations.

Taking care of your mental health should not be a chore. There is no health without mental health. Only a few behavioral changes in your lifestyle can have a very positive impact on your overall health in these times of need. For instance: Getting adequate sleep, eating a well-balanced and nutritious diet, exercising regularly, meditating, talking to your loved ones, friends, and people you trust about your mental health and staying virtually connected, quitting smoking, and reducing the intake of caffeine and alcohol in your everyday life. Several organizations and institutes working on mental health issues in Pakistan. Please keep in mind that the landscape of mental health services and organizations may have evolved since then. Here are some notable institutions and organizations that were involved in addressing mental health concerns in Pakistan:

The Institute of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi: Located in Rawalpindi, this institute is a well-known center for psychiatric services, research, and education.

The Pakistan Association for Mental Health (PAMH): PAMH is a non-profit organization that works to raise awareness about mental health issues, reduce stigma, and provide support to individuals and families affected by mental illness.

Karwan-e-Hayat: This organization offers mental health and rehabilitation services for individuals with severe mental illnesses. They focus on providing care and support to those who are often marginalized.

UMANG: UMANG is a mental health support network in Karachi that offers counseling, support groups, and educational programs to promote mental well-being.

The Recovery House (TRH): TRH is an organization based in Lahore that provides rehabilitation and recovery services for individuals with substance use disorders and co-occurring mental health issues.

Rozan: Although primarily focused on gender-based violence, Rozan also conducts mental health awareness programs and provides support to survivors of violence, recognizing the mental health impact of such experiences.

UMANG Helpline: UMANG operates a 24/7 helpline to offer immediate emotional support and crisis intervention to individuals in distress.  The Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust (LRBT): While primarily known for its eye care services, LRBT also provides free psychiatric services to the underprivileged in Pakistan.  Taskeen: Taskeen is a mental health advocacy and support organization that focuses on destigmatizing mental health issues, offering educational programs, and providing a platform for people to share their experiences.The availability and effectiveness of these organizations may vary across different regions of Pakistan. It's essential to check for the most up-to-date information and resources if you or someone you know is seeking mental health support in Pakistan. Additionally, governmental and non-governmental efforts to address mental health issues in Pakistan may have evolved, so it's advisable to research the latest initiatives and organizations operating in this field. Efforts are being made to address these challenges and improve mental health services in Pakistan. Initiatives include the establishment of mental health clinics, training more mental health professionals, reducing stigma through education and advocacy, and incorporating mental health into primary healthcare services. However, there is still much work to be done to ensure that mental health support is accessible and culturally sensitive across the country. We need a holistic and practical approach that brings mental healthcare to the vast population; specialist services at the tertiary level alone are not enough to cater to the need. Moreover, there must be an unvarnished conversation around mental health in the country to clear the superstitions and misconceptions that surround it.